Senate bill would hike fuel economy

WASHINGTON - As motorists face near record gasoline prices, the Senate took up an energy bill Tuesday that would raise auto fuel economy standards for the first time in nearly 20 years and make oil industry price gouging a federal crime.
Democratic leaders in both the Senate and House said they want broad energy legislation passed before the Fourth of July congressional recess, hoping to dampen growing voter anger over paying well above $3 a gallon at gasoline pumps across the country.
The Senate bill urges automakers to boost their fuel economy to a fleet average of 35 miles per gallon by 2020, about a 40 percent increase over what new cars and the less fuel efficient SUVs and pickup trucks are required to attain today. The auto standard of 27.5 mpg was last increased 18 years ago. SUVS and small trucks must achieve a fleet average of 22.2 mpg.
Majority Leader Harry Reid (news, bio, voting record), D-Nev., said Tuesday the bill would help reduce the country's reliance on oil — an addiction that consumes more than 21 million barrels a day, nearly two-thirds of it imported.
The White House issued a statement opposing many of the bill's most critical parts, including the mandatory increase in automobile fuel economy. It also said
President Bush' name=c1> SEARCHNews News Photos Images Web' name=c3> President Bush would be urged to veto the legislation if it contained the price gouging language.
Reid has called the auto fuel efficiency measure, known as CAFE, the energy package's most contentious issue.
Executives of General Motors, Ford and Chrysler called on Senate leaders last week arguing that the Senate bill's requirements may not be achievable. Sen. Carl Levin (news, bio, voting record), D-Mich., is working on a more modest fuel economy proposal that he says automakers believe they can meet.
"The handwriting has been on the wall for a long time," said Sen. Dianne Feinstein (news, bio, voting record), D-Calif., a long time advocate for more stringent auto fuel economy requirements. She said numerous studies have shown manufacturers can meet CAFE increases more stringent than those being considered by the Senate.
The Senate bill, which faces numerous hurdles over the next two weeks, also would sharply ramp up the use of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline, requiring production of 36 billion gallons of ethanol a year by 2022, five times today's production.
While the additional ethanol initially would come from corn, eventually nearly two-thirds of it is expected to be produced from prairie grasses, wood chips and other cellulosic sources.
Many of the bill's provisions have bipartisan support, but Republicans want more, especially more domestic production of oil, natural gas and coal as well as expansion of nuclear power.
The Democratic bill "doesn't do anything to address expanding domestic (energy) production, and it won't do a single solitary thing to reduce gas prices," said Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (news, bio, voting record), R-Ky.
But Sen. Maria Cantwell (news, bio, voting record), D-Wash., said a price gouging provision she is advocating may reduce the prospects of future price spikes.
It would give the Federal Trade Commission broader authority to investigate possible wholesale oil market manipulation — from the legitimacy of refinery shutdowns to whether gasoline is being exported to limit domestic supplies.
For the first time, it would be a federal crime to charge "unconscionably excessive" prices for petroleum products at the wholesale or retail level. Critics of the provisions, including the Bush administration, said the measure amounts to price regulation and could lead to supply shortages.
"The federal government has all the legal tools necessary to address price gouging," said the White House.
The oil industry has repeatedly argued that many investigations have failed to uncover price fixing by oil companies. "If there is no manipulation, there should be no fear of a strong federal statute," Cantwell countered at a news conference Tuesday.
Sen. Larry Craig (news, bio, voting record), R-Idaho, called the price gouging provision "a feel-good vote" that he probably would support. "But does it bring gas prices down? Probably not," he said.
Craig said he supports much of the bill, including the increase in auto fuel economy requirements, but he called it "a domestic green energy bill" that doesn't address the need for more domestic energy production.
He said Republicans — along with support from some Democrats — will renew the drive to open new areas of coastal waters, especially the Eastern Gulf of Mexico and central Atlantic region, to oil and gas development. One proposal to give states an ability to get out from under a federal ban on offshore oil and gas development has bipartisan support, but is strongly opposed by a number of senators from coastal states.
To reinforce lawmakers' concerns about reliance on imported oil, the Senate late Tuesday added a provision to the bill that requires the president to establish policies that cut petroleum use by 10 million barrels a day by 2031. Opponents of the bill said it's not needed since other provisions in the bill already would accomplish reductions in oil demand. Still, the amendment offered by Sen. Evan Bayh (news, bio, voting record), D-Ind., was approved 63-30.
Another highly contentious issue senators will debate is whether to require utilities to use more renewable fuels to produce electricity.
Sen. Jeff Bingaman (news, bio, voting record), D-N.M., intends to propose a national requirement that 15 percent of a utility's power come from renewables such as wind and solar power. Such a requirement is strongly opposed by utilities in the Southeast, where there are few resources of wind power and heavy reliance on coal.
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